BRAZIL ISN'T IN EUROPE

article 50 of the Treaty on European Union From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Article 50" redirects here. For the former Eurosceptic political party in the Netherlands, see Article 50 (political party). European Union Flag of Europe.svg This article is part of a series on the politics and government of European Union Executive [show] Legislature [show] Judiciary [show] Central Bank [show] Court of Auditors [show] Other bodies [show] Policies and issues [show] Elections [show] Law [show] European Council [show] Other countries Atlas v t e Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union is a part of European Union law that sets out the process by which member states may withdraw from the European Union. It has been extensively debated after the referendum held in the United Kingdom on 23 June 2016 in which 51.9% of those voting favoured the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union.[1] Once Article 50 is triggered, there is a two-year period to complete negotiations. If negotiations do not result in a ratified agreement, the seceding country leaves without an agreement, and the EU Treaties shall cease to apply to the seceding country, without any substitute or transitional arrangements being put in place. As regards trade, the parties would likely follow World Trade Organisation rules on tariffs.[2] This article was invoked for the first and so far only time by the United Kingdom on 29 March 2017. Contents 1 Provisions 2 Process 2.1 Member state invocation 2.2 Post-invocation process 2.2.1 Deal conclusion 2.2.2 Re-entry or unilateral revocation 3 Pre-Lisbon situation 4 Invocation by the United Kingdom 5 Origins 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Provisions Article 49A of the Treaty of Lisbon, which came into force on 1 December 2009, introduced for the first time a procedure for a member state to withdraw voluntarily from the EU.[3] This is specified in Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, which states that:[4] Any Member State may decide to withdraw from the Union in accordance with its own constitutional requirements. A Member State which decides to withdraw shall notify the European Council of its intention. In the light of the guidelines provided by the European Council, the Union shall negotiate and conclude an agreement with that State, setting out the arrangements for its withdrawal, taking account of the framework for its future relationship with the Union. That agreement shall be negotiated in accordance with Article 218(3)[5] of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. It shall be concluded on behalf of the Union by the Council [of the European Union], acting by a qualified majority, after obtaining the consent of the European Parliament. The Treaties shall cease to apply to the State in question from the date of entry into force of the withdrawal agreement or, failing that, two years after the notification referred to in paragraph 2, unless the European Council, in agreement with the Member State concerned, unanimously decides to extend this period. For the purposes of paragraphs 2 and 3, the member of the European Council or of the Council representing the withdrawing Member State shall not participate in the discussions of the European Council or Council or in decisions concerning it. A qualified majority shall be defined in accordance with Article 238(3)(b) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. If a State which has withdrawn from the Union asks to rejoin, its request shall be subject to the procedure referred to in Article 49. Process Member state invocation Thus, once a member state has notified the European Council of its intention to leave, a period begins during which a withdrawal agreement is negotiated, setting out the arrangements for the withdrawal and outlining the country's future relationship with the Union. It is up to the Member State intending to leave to trigger the process. The article allows for a negotiated withdrawal, due to the complexities of leaving the EU. However it does include in it a strong implication of a unilateral right to withdraw. This is through the fact that a state would decide to withdraw "in accordance with its own constitutional requirements" and that the end of the treaties' application in a withdrawing state is not dependent on any agreement being reached (it would occur after two years regardless).[3] This provision does not cover certain overseas territories which under TFEU Article 355 do not require a full treaty revision.[6] Post-invocation process The treaties cease to apply to the member state concerned on the entry into force of the withdrawal agreement or, in the absence of such an agreement, two years after the member state notified the European Council of its intention to leave, although this period can be extended by unanimous agreement of the European Council.[7] Deal conclusion The leaving agreement is negotiated on behalf of the EU by the European Commission on the basis of a mandate given by the remaining Member States, meeting in the [[Council of the European Union]. It must set out the arrangements for withdrawal, taking account of the framework for the member state's future relationship with the EU, though without itself settling that framework. The agreement is to be approved on the EU side by the Council of the EU, acting by qualified majority, after obtaining the consent of the European Parliament. For the agreement to pass the Council of the EU it needs to be approved by at least 72 percent of the continuing member states representing at least 65 percent of their population.[8] Remaining members of the EU would need to manage consequential changes over the EU's budgets, voting allocations and policies brought about by the withdrawal of any member state.[9] Re-entry or unilateral revocation Article 50 does not spell out whether Member States can rescind their notification of their intention to withdraw during the negotiation period while their country is still a Member of the European Union. However, the President of the European Council said to the European Parliament on 24 October 2017 that “deal, no deal or no Brexit” is up to Britain. Indeed, the prevailing legal opinion among EU law experts and the EU institutions themselves is that a Member State intending to leave may change its mind, as an “intention” is not yet a deed and intentions can change before the deed is done. [10] The issue is untested in court. The European Parliament took the view that a notification is indeed revocable, but “cannot be used as a procedural device or abused in an attempt to improve the actual terms of [...] membership.” Lord Kerr, the British author of Article 50, also considers the process is reversible[11] as does Jens Dammann.[12] Brexit Secretary David Davis has stated that the British Government "does not know for sure" whether Article 50 is revocable; the British prime minister "does not intend" to reverse it.[11] Should a former member state seek to rejoin the European Union after having actually left, it would be subject to the same conditions as any other applicant country and need to negotiate a Treaty of Accession, ratified by every Member State.[13] Pre-Lisbon situation Before the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force on 1 December 2009 no provision in the treaties or law of the EU outlined the ability of a state to voluntarily withdraw from the EU. The European Constitution did propose such a provision and, after the failure to ratify it, that provision was then included as Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. The absence of such a provision made withdrawal technically difficult but not impossible.[3] Legally there were two interpretations of whether a state could leave. The first, that sovereign states have a right to withdraw from their international commitments;[14] and the second, the treaties are for an unlimited period, with no provision for withdrawal and calling for an "ever closer union" – such commitment to unification is incompatible with a unilateral withdrawal. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties states where a party wants to withdraw unilaterally from a treaty that is silent on secession, there are only two cases where withdrawal is allowed: where all parties recognise an informal right to do so and where the situation has changed so drastically, that the obligations of a signatory have been radically transformed.[3] There is no precedent for a sovereign member state leaving the European Union or any of its predecessor organisations. However, three territories of EU member states have withdrawn: Algeria (1962, independence from France),[15] Greenland (1985)[16] and Saint Barthélemy (2012),[17] the latter two becoming Overseas Countries and Territories of the European Union. Invocation by the United Kingdom Main article: United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union Letter from Theresa May invoking Article 50 After a referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union in June 2016 supported exiting the European Union, the Prime Minister Theresa May announced in October 2016 that Britain would invoke Article 50 by the end of March 2017.[18] After the Supreme Court's ruling in Miller's case, followed by the passing of the European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017, the prime minister sent the notification letter invoking Article 50 on 29 March 2017. The United Kingdom became the first and, thus far, only country to invoke Article 50. Barring negotiation timeline extensions as described in the article, the UK will formally withdraw from the EU by April 2019. Until the withdrawal from the European Union is effected, the UK remains a member of the EU continuing to fulfil all EU-related treaties and must legally be treated as a member.[19][20] Origins The clause was originally drafted by Scottish cross-bench peer and former diplomat Lord Kerr of Kinlochard, the secretary-general of the European Convention, which drafted the Constitutional Treaty for the European Union.[21] The clause was incorporated into the Treaty of Lisbon.[22] See also Brexit, Article 50, and other articles – Wikipedia book References "Article 50: Theresa May to trigger Brexit process next week". BBC News. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017. "What will Brexit mean for British trade?". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2 April 2017. Athanassiou, Phoebus (December 2009). "Withdrawal and Expulsion from the EU and EMU: Some Reflections" (PDF). Legal Working Paper Series. European Central Bank (10): 9. ISSN 1830-2696. Retrieved 19 February 2013. "Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union" (PDF). HM Government. page 99 of 344 Instead, the European Council may, on the initiative of the member state concerned, change the status of an overseas country or territory (OCT) to an outermost region (OMR) or vice versa. Article 50(3) of the Treaty on European Union. Renwick, Alan (19 January 2016). "What happens if we vote for Brexit?". The Constitution Unit Blog. Retrieved 14 May 2016. Oliver, Tim. "Europe without Britain: Assessing the Impact on the European Union of a British Withdrawal". Stiftung Wissenshaft und Politik. Retrieved 1 March 2014. Template:Http://www.richardcorbett.org.uk/not-passed-point-no-return/ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/article-50-brexit-eu-negotiator-michel-barnier-stop-theresa-may-withdrawing-latest-a7673596.html Dammann, Jens (5 April 2017). "Revoking Brexit: Can Member States Rescind Their Declaration of Withrawal from the European Union". Columbia Journal of European Law. Columbia University. Retrieved 5 April 2017. Article 50(4) of Lisbon Treaty, which cites Article 49 accession process Hurd, Ian (2013). International Organizations: Politics, Law, Practice. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. ISBN 9781107040977. Ziller, Jacques. "The European Union and the Territorial Scope of European Territories" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014. "What is Greenland's relationship with the EU?". Folketing. Retrieved 20 June 2016. Hay, Iain (2013). "Geographies of the superrich". Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 196. Retrieved 20 January 2015. "Brexit: Theresa May to trigger Article 50 by end of March". BBC News. 2 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016. "George Osborne: Only the UK can trigger Article 50". Al Jazeera. Henley, Jon (26 June 2016). "Will article 50 ever be triggered?". The Guardian. "Article 50 was designed for European dictators, not the UK, says man who wrote it". The Independent. 29 March 2017. "Article 50 was designed to be used by a dictatorial regime, not the UK government, the man who wrote it has said. ... As Secretary General of the European Convention in the early 2000s, Lord Kerr played a key role in drafting a constitutional treaty for the EU that included laws on the process by which states can leave the bloc." "Article 50 author Lord Kerr says Brexit not inevitable". BBC News. 3 November 2016. "After leaving the foreign office, he was secretary-general of the European [C]onvention, which drafted what became the Lisbon treaty. It included Article 50 which sets out the process by which any member state can leave the EU." External links Wikisource has original text related to this article: Text of Article 50 Official EU Consolidated treaties - Charter of Fundamental Rights The Guardian (UK) – Article 50 special report Categories: Treaty of LisbonWithdrawal from the European Union Navigation menu Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Search Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Deutsch Español Français Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Basa Jawa Magyar Bahasa Melayu Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 4 November 2017, at 15:35. 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Any Member State may decide to withdraw from the Union in accordance with its own constitutional requirements. 2. A Member State which decides to withdraw shall notify the European Council of its intention. In the light of the guidelines provided by the European Council, the Union shall negotiate and conclude an agreement with that State, setting out the arrangements for its withdrawal, taking account of the framework for its future relationship with the Union. That agreement shall be negotiated in accordance with Article 218(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. It shall be concluded on behalf of the Union by the Council, acting by a qualified majority, after obtaining the consent of the European Parliament. 3. The Treaties shall cease to apply to the State in question from the date of entry into force of the withdrawal agreement or, failing that, two years after the notification referred to in paragraph 2, unless the European Council, in agreement with the Member State concerned, unanimously decides to extend this period. 4. For the purposes of paragraphs 2 and 3, the member of the European Council or of the Council representing the withdrawing Member State shall not participate in the discussions of the European Council or Council or in decisions concerning it. A qualified majority shall be defined in accordance with Article 238(3)(b) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. 5. If a State which has withdrawn from the Union asks to rejoin, its request shall be subject to the procedure referred to in Article 49. < Prev Next > Copyright 2008 - 2013 Eurostep - EEPA